Mastering Python: Break, Continue, Emulating Do-While Loops, and Writing Powerful Functions

Break and continue in Python

1. break

• Definition: Stops the loop completely. even if there are more iterations left.

• Example:

    for i in range(5):
        if i == 3:
            break
        print(i)  # Output: 0, 1, 2
  

---

2. continue

• Definition: Skips the current iteration and moves to the next one.

• Example:

    for i in range(5):
        if i == 3:
            continue
        print(i)  # Output: 0, 1, 2, 4
  

---

Do-While Loop in Python (Easy Explanation)

• A do-while loop runs the code at least once before checking the condition.

• Python doesn’t have a direct do-while loop, but we can emulate it using a while True loop and break.

---

How to Write a Do-While Loop in Python?

1. Use while True to create an infinite loop.

2. Check the condition inside the loop.

3. Use break to stop the loop when the condition is false.

---

Example:

while True:
    number = int(input("Enter a positive number: "))
    print(number)  # Prints the number
    if number <= 0:  # Stop the loop if the number is not positive
        break

Output:

Enter a positive number: 5
5
Enter a positive number: 10
10
Enter a positive number: -1
-1

---

Explanation:

1. The loop always runs once because it starts with while True.

2. The condition (number <= 0) is checked inside the loop.

3. If the condition is true, break stops the loop.

Python Functions :

• A function is a block of code that performs a specific task.

• It helps make the program organized and reusable.

---

Types of Functions

1. Built-in Functions: Predefined in Python, e.g., print(), len(), max().

2. User-defined Functions: Created by us to perform specific tasks.

---

How to Create a Function?

• Use the def keyword to define a function.

• Give the function a name.

• Add parameters (optional) in parentheses ().

• Write the code inside the function (indented).

---

Syntax:

def function_name(parameters):
    # Code inside the function
    pass

---

Example:

# Define a function
def greet(name):
    print("Hello,", name)

# Call the function
greet("Alice")

Output:

Hello, Alice

---

How to Call a Function?

• Use the function name followed by () and provide arguments if needed.

---

Summary: Functions make your code cleaner, reusable, and easier to manage!

simple function to add two numbers :

def add_two_numbers(a, b):
    return a + b  # Returns the sum of a and b

# Call the function
result = add_two_numbers(10, 20)
print("The sum is:", result)

def name (name1, name2):
 print("Namaste,", name1,name2)
name("safia", "najiya")